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"Walker has opened up a fresh way of thinking about the intellectual history of the South during the civil-rights movement."—Robert Greene, The Nation
In this dramatic reexamination of the Jim Crow South, Anders Walker demonstrates that racial segregation fostered not simply terror and violence, but also diversity, one of our most celebrated ideals. He investigates how prominent intellectuals like Robert Penn Warren, James Baldwin, Eudora Welty, Ralph Ellison, Flannery O’Connor, and Zora Neale Hurston found pluralism in Jim Crow, a legal system that created two worlds, each with its own institutions, traditions, even cultures. The intellectuals discussed in this book all agreed that black culture was resilient, creative, and profound, brutally honest in its assessment of American history. By contrast, James Baldwin likened white culture to a “burning house,” a frightening place that endorsed racism and violence to maintain dominance. Why should black Americans exchange their experience for that? Southern whites, meanwhile, saw themselves preserving a rich cultural landscape against the onslaught of mass culture and federal power, a project carried to the highest levels of American law by Supreme Court justice and Virginia native Lewis F. Powell, Jr.
Anders Walker shows how a generation of scholars and judges has misinterpreted Powell’s definition of diversity in the landmark case Regents v. Bakke, forgetting its Southern origins and weakening it in the process. By resituating the decision in the context of Southern intellectual history, Walker places diversity on a new footing, independent of affirmative action but also free from the constraints currently placed on it by the Supreme Court. With great clarity and insight, he offers a new lens through which to understand the history of civil rights in the United States.
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Creators
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Publisher
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Release date
June 24, 2022 -
Formats
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Kindle Book
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OverDrive Read
- ISBN: 9780300235623
- File size: 2589 KB
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EPUB ebook
- ISBN: 9780300235623
- File size: 2765 KB
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Languages
- English
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Reviews
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January 15, 2018
A law professor takes on the history of racial integration in the United States by focusing on well-known intellectuals who questioned whether integration was wise or desirable for African-Americans.The intellectuals are primarily writers, black and white: James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, Zora Neale Hurston, Alice Walker, Richard Wright, William Faulkner, Harper Lee, Flannery O'Connor, Robert Penn Warren, and Eudora Welty. Walker (St. Louis Univ. School of Law; The Ghost of Jim Crow: How Southern Moderates Used Brown v. Board of Education to Stall Civil Rights, 2009) connects their outlooks about racial integration through Lewis F. Powell Jr., a Virginia lawyer who became a Supreme Court justice. Whether Powell and the white authors Walker discusses were motivated by racism is an unsettled question, but there is no doubt they preferred separate, parallel societies over integration through public schools and other institutions. As for the black writers, they believed their culture benefitted from separateness, and many believed it to be superior to white culture. Baldwin, in particular, became known for reaching white audiences as well as fellow blacks with the message that mandated integration threw the two races together to lose their identities inside a "burning house." Near the end of the book, Walker analyzes the beliefs of the only "prominent federal official [who] seemed to carry the torch for southern pluralism, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas," who has shown a "commitment to black self-reliance." Today, carrying forward a tradition of resistance to integration is not only Alice Walker, but also Between the World and Me author Ta-Nehisi Coates, who "looked back to James Baldwin and Richard Wright for inspiration" and whose arguments have "evoked many of the same debates that southern writers conducted in the 1950s and 1960s."Readers unfamiliar with the anti-integration culture might find some of the invective difficult to process, but Walker skillfully presents his interpretations of his subjects' writing.COPYRIGHT(2018) Kirkus Reviews, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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